health-systems

The 50 largest US nonprofit health systems by total revenue.

Index 11.0 · scanned 2026-09-08 · up to 32 URLs per site

38.5median

Middle of 7 cohorts

All cohorts 42.0 · best cohort 47.5
33 of 46 portals block AI crawlers.

Where this list came from

Source: IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File, filtered to health-care organizations by Wikidata classification, Internal Revenue Service (IRS), with Wikidata (2026-09-07)
License: A work of the United States federal government. Not subject to domestic copyright (17 U.S.C. § 105). The classification comes from Wikidata under CC0.
How we filtered it: 501(c)(3) organizations that Wikidata classifies as a hospital or medical organization, ranked by the total revenue on their most recent Form 990. The join is the EIN, which is exact; the classification is Wikidata's rather than ours, publicly checkable and publicly correctable, which is the reason to prefer it to a rule of ours about names. These are nonprofit systems: for-profit chains file no Form 990 and cannot appear.
Instead of: Staffed beds from the CMS cost reports, which are exact and free but report hospitals — 'health system' is a corporate fact the cost reports do not carry, so the aggregation would have been a heuristic of ours, and CMS publishes no websites either. Also the AHA hospital directory, which is licensed.
Built: 2026-09-08

The filtering is ours and is disclosed as ours. The source published a list; the decision about which rows of it belong in a cohort was a judgment call, and it is written down so somebody can disagree with it.

50 organizations · 46 scanned (92.0% coverage) · scored as healthcare

The shape of it

38.5

Median score

33.5–43.8

Middle half

25.0–60.0

Full range

Gated outright

GradeShare of the cohort SitesShare

Weak

16 34.8%

Not ready

29 63.0%

Adequate

1 2.2%

By dimension

The mean share of each dimension's available points that this cohort earned. Low here means the whole sector is weak on it, not that one site dragged an average down — the per-site spread is in the dataset.

DimensionMean share earned Mean

#1 · Primary Indicators These parameters determine the fundamental ease of access that AI has to your site information.

37.8% #2 · Rendering and Extraction AI generally turns off JavaScript. Does your site information survive without it?

56.8% #3 · Structured Data and the Entity Graph Does a machine know who and what you are?

34.0% #4 · Crawl, Index and Licensing Hygiene Sitemaps, redirects, 404s, licensing terms, and not wasting the crawl budget.

52.9% #5 · Authorship, Provenance, Freshness Who wrote this, when, and can it be verified?

6.2% #6 · Agent Interfaces Can software actually do things on your site?

87.0% #7 · Alternate Representations Clean machine copies of your content, in Markdown, the language AI understands best.

2.2%

How much of each site we read

The cap is 32 URLs and it is a ceiling, not a promise. A portal whose every link points at a different host yields one page; a university yields the full sample. The median here is 32, the range 1–32 — published so that "we sampled 32 URLs per site" cannot become a claim the data does not support.

Where this cohort fails

7 tests almost nobody in this cohort passes

Universal — nobody passes these 7 checks · 2 of them worth 2 points or more

TestWhat it asksFailing OfPoints

AIR-1.4 Content Signals declared in robots.txt

100.0% 46 3 AIR-4.10 Paginated series are coherently signaled

100.0% 2 1 AIR-7.1 Markdown companion for every canonical page

100.0% 29 2 LI-1 HowTo on procedural content

100.0% 21 0 LI-2 speakable on summaries and ledes

100.0% 46 0 LI-3 IndexNow fires on publish and update

100.0% 46 0 LI-4 Editorial policy page referenced via publishingPrinciples

100.0% 46 0

Near-universal — 95% and above 6 checks · 3 of them worth 2 points or more

TestWhat it asksFailing OfPoints

AIR-5.1 Author entity pages with credentials

97.8% 46 2 AIR-7.3 Accept: text/markdown content negotiation

97.8% 46 2 AIR-4.4 Correct X-Robots-Tag on non-HTML resources

96.2% 26 1 AIR-1.10 /llms.txt exists and is generated from the content model

95.7% 46 2 LI-5 NLWeb endpoint exposed as an MCP server with an ask method

95.7% 46 0 LI-6 Domain MCP server over real content APIs

95.7% 46 0

Common — 90 to 95% 3 checks · 2 of them worth 2 points or more

TestWhat it asksFailing OfPoints

AIR-5.2 Bylines linked to author entities

92.9% 28 2 AIR-3.3 Vertical-specific schema types

91.3% 46 4 AIR-3.5 isAccessibleForFree, about, and mentions with entity references

91.3% 46 1

The population

Every 50, named

Whether or not it has been scanned. Rows with no published URL stay in the table with the reason on them: dropping them would shrink the population to the part that was easy to measure. A few points between two neighbors is noise — click a header to sort by band or by score.

#	Organization	Site	Score	Grade	URLs	Detail
1	The New York and Presbyterian Hospital Gated $10.66B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	nyp.org	46	Weak	32	see the scan
2	Providence Health & Services Washington Gated $9.73B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	providence.org	32	Not ready	22	see the scan
3	Vanderbilt University Medical Center $8.67B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	vanderbilthealth.com	47	Weak	32	see the scan
4	Memorial Hermann Health System Gated $8.56B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	memorialhermann.org	28	Not ready	1	see the scan
5	Northside Hospital Inc Gated $8.36B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	northside.com	26	Not ready	1	see the scan
6	Orlando Health Inc $7.30B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; HTTP 429; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	orlandohealth.com	—	—	—	—
7	Montefiore Medical Center $5.91B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	montefioreeinstein.org	60	Adequate	32	see the scan
8	Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Gated $5.87B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	cedars-sinai.org	43	Weak	32	see the scan
9	Henry Ford Health System Gated $5.28B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	henryford.com	40	Weak	32	see the scan
10	Multicare Health System Gated $5.01B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	multicare.org	38	Not ready	1	see the scan
11	Yale New Haven Hospital $4.88B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	ynhh.org	—	—	—	—
12	A Mainehealth HCSR Gated $4.71B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	mainehealth.org	32	Not ready	32	see the scan
13	Mount Sinai Hospital Gated $4.65B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	mountsinai.org	37	Not ready	32	see the scan
14	Long Island Jewish Medical Center Gated $4.62B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	northwell.edu	26	Not ready	1	see the scan
15	Lehigh Valley Hospital $4.27B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	lvhn.org	47	Weak	32	see the scan
16	The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia Gated $4.17B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	chop.edu	39	Not ready	32	see the scan
17	Peacehealth Gated $4.02B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	peacehealth.org	26	Not ready	1	see the scan
18	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Gated $3.92B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	dana-farber.org	39	Not ready	32	see the scan
19	North Shore University Hospital Gated $3.86B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	nsuh.northwell.edu	26	Not ready	1	see the scan
20	The Johns Hopkins Hospital $3.76B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	hopkinsmedicine.org	46	Weak	32	see the scan
21	Childrens Hospital Corporation $3.59B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	childrenshospital.org	41	Weak	1	see the scan
22	Childrens Hospital Medical Center Gated $3.57B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	cincinnatichildrens.org	35	Not ready	32	see the scan
23	HonorHealth Gated $3.46B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	honorhealth.com	44	Weak	32	see the scan
24	City of Hope National Medical Center Gated $3.43B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	cityofhope.org	36	Not ready	1	see the scan
25	Miltons S Hershey Medical Center $3.02B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	pennstatehealth.org	48	Weak	32	see the scan
26	Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Gated $2.99B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	jefferson.edu	37	Not ready	32	see the scan
27	Baylor College of Medicine $2.98B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	bcm.edu	37	Not ready	32	see the scan
28	Hartford Hospital Gated $2.94B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	hartfordhospital.org	37	Not ready	32	see the scan
29	Lucile Salter Packard Childrens Hospital at Stanford $2.89B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	stanfordchildrens.org	38	Not ready	32	see the scan
30	Rush University Medical Center $2.76B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	rush.edu	45	Weak	32	see the scan
31	University of Maryland Medical System Corporation Gated $2.53B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	umms.org	42	Weak	32	see the scan
32	St Jude Childrens Research Hospital Inc Gated $2.21B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	stjude.org	39	Not ready	32	see the scan
33	Piedmont Healthcare Inc Gated $1.87B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	piedmont.org	45	Weak	32	see the scan
34	BayCare Health Systems Inc Gated $1.61B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	baycare.org	37	Not ready	32	see the scan
35	Shriners Hospitals for Children $1.58B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	shrinerschildrens.org	51	Weak	32	see the scan
36	Baylor Scott & White Health $1.37B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	bswhealth.com	45	Weak	32	see the scan
37	UofL Health-Louisville Inc $1.32B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	uoflhealth.org	—	—	—	—
38	First Health of the Carolinas Inc Gated $1.18B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	firsthealth.org	39	Not ready	1	see the scan
39	Appalachian Regional Healthcare Inc $1.08B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	arh.org	49	Weak	32	see the scan
40	American Heart Association Inc Gated $1.07B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	heart.org	36	Not ready	1	see the scan
41	Baptist Health Care Inc $1.05B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	ebaptisthealthcare.org	42	Weak	32	see the scan
42	Concord Hospital Inc Gated $0.77B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	concordhospital.org	39	Not ready	1	see the scan
43	Orlando Health Central Inc Gated $0.56B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; RemoteProtocolError; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	healthcentral.org	25	Not ready	1	see the scan
44	Blood Cancer United Inc Gated $0.36B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	bloodcancerunited.org	36	Not ready	1	see the scan
45	PATH Gated $0.35B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	path.org	33	Not ready	32	see the scan
46	Lifebridge Health Inc Gated $0.35B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; the edge returned 403 to AIRBot; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	lifebridgehealth.org	39	Not ready	1	see the scan
47	Samaritan Health Services Inc Gated $0.33B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	samhealth.org	27	Not ready	1	see the scan
48	Flagler Hospital Inc Gated $0.30B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata; returns 404 at the root; destination taken from the redirect rather than loaded	flaglerhospital.org	28	Not ready	1	see the scan
49	Mercy Ships International $0.25B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	mercyships.fr	—	—	—	—
50	Howard Brown Health Center Gated $0.22B total revenue (IRS Form 990, BMF); classified as a health-care organization by Wikidata	howardbrown.org	28	Not ready	1	see the scan

Scores are for the population, not for ranking two named sites against each other — a few points between neighbors is noise. See what these numbers can and cannot support. Data: sites.csv · checks.csv · summary.json

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