UK Charities
Search every site in this cohortuk-charities
The 1,000 largest UK charities by income, across the registers of England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Median score
58
across 742 sites
Middle half
51–64
spread around the median
Full range
24–77
lowest to highest
Gated
252 of 742
block AI crawlers outright
Middle of 31 cohorts. All cohorts 54 · best cohort 63.
Where this list came from
The source, and how we filtered it
| Source | The 1,000 largest UK charities by income, Charity Commission for England and Wales; Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator; Charity Commission for Northern Ireland (2026-11-02 (all three extracts)) |
|---|---|
| License | Open Government Licence v3.0 for all three. OSCR additionally requires no direct marketing, no list that claims to be the Scottish Charity Register, and the attribution '© Crown Copyright and database right [year]. Contains information from the Scottish Charity Register supplied by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator and licensed under the Open Government Licence v.3.0.' |
| Cite as | © Crown Copyright and database right 2026. Contains information from the Scottish Charity Register supplied by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator and licensed under the Open Government Licence v.3.0. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. |
| How we filtered it | Charity Commission extract: status Registered, main charities only, ranked on latest income. OSCR: every charity except cross-border ones, ranked on most recent year's income. CCNI: every charity not removed, ranked on total income. The three are ranked together; a name on more than one register counts once, on the register where its income is largest. Excluded as other cohorts' members: names saying university, school, college (except the learned Royal Colleges) or NHS, and the independent hospital providers in uk-nhs; a few decided by hand, with reasons in the script. Ranks closed up. The address is each register's own website field. |
| Built | 2026-11-02 |
The filtering is ours and is disclosed as ours. The source published a list; the decision about which rows of it belong in a cohort was a judgment call, and it is written down so somebody can disagree with it.
Distribution
Where the 742 sites land
| Grade | Share of the cohort | Sites | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weak | 378 | 50.9% | |
| Not ready | 46 | 6.2% | |
| Adequate | 313 | 42.2% | |
| Strong | 5 | 0.7% |
By dimension
What the cohort earns, dimension by dimension
The mean share of each dimension’s available points that this cohort earned. Low here means the whole sector is weak on it, not that one site dragged an average down. The per-site spread is in the dataset.
| Dimension | Mean share earned | Mean |
|---|---|---|
| #1 · Reach
These parameters determine the fundamental ease of access that AI has to your site information. |
78% | |
| #2 · Read
AI generally turns off JavaScript. Does your site information survive without it? |
55% | |
| #3 · Understand
Does a machine know who and what you are? |
29% | |
| #4 · Act
Sitemaps, redirects, 404s, licensing terms, and not wasting the crawl budget. |
65% |
How much of each site we read
The cap is 32 URLs and it is a ceiling, not a promise. A portal whose every link points at a different host yields one page; a university yields the full sample. The median here is 32, the range 1–32, published so that "we sampled 32 URLs per site" cannot become a claim the data does not support.
10 sites in this cohort served a certificate we could not verify. They were read anyway and scored normally, because reporting no response for a site every browser loads would describe our TLS stack rather than the site, and each one carries the finding in its row.
Where this cohort fails
9 tests almost nobody in this cohort passes
Universal — nobody passes these
| Test | What it asks | Failing | Of | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT-3 | If you have a public API, is it described in a standard file? | 5 | 2 | |
| EXT-11 | Have you marked the part of a page that answers a spoken question? | 742 | 0 | |
| EXT-12 | Do you tell search engines the moment a page changes? | 742 | 0 | |
| EXT-15 | Can an AI agent find out how to sign in to your site? | 5 | 0 | |
| EXT-16 | Do you publish a card or a skills list for the agents you run? | 742 | 0 | |
| EXT-17 | Do you list your agents in your domain's DNS records? | 734 | 0 | |
| EXT-18 | Do you tell AI shoppers how they can pay? | 22 | 0 | |
| EXT-7 | If you run real question-and-answer pages, are they marked as such? | 25 | 0 | |
| UND-9 | If a page is behind a paywall, does it say so? | 4 | 2 |
Near-universal — 95% and above
| Test | What it asks | Failing | Of | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RED-10 | Do you offer a plain-text (Markdown) copy of your pages? | 639 | 2 | |
| UND-2 | Does your site use the page labels that search engines still read for what you publish? | 742 | 3 | |
| RED-12 | If a machine asks for Markdown, does your site give it? | 741 | 2 | |
| EXT-14 | Does your site offer its actions to AI browsers as tools? | 717 | 0 | |
| PST-2 | Have you posted a Content Signals statement about what AI may do with your content? | 742 | 0 | |
| UND-5 | Does the author label in your page code point to that person? | 609 | 1 | |
| EXT-1 | Do you publish an llms.txt file for coding assistants? | 742 | 0 |
Common — 90 to 95%
| Test | What it asks | Failing | Of | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UND-1 | Does your site say clearly who you are? | 742 | 2 | |
| PST-4 | Have you reserved your text and data mining rights in a form machines can read? | 742 | 0 | |
| EXT-13 | Can an assistant ask your site a question directly? | 742 | 0 | |
| EXT-2 | Do you list your APIs and agent tools where agents look for them? | 62 | 0 | |
| EXT-4 | Can an AI assistant connect to your site as a tool? | 742 | 0 |
Coral bars mark tests worth 2 points or more, the failures that actually move a score.
Every site
Every 1,000, named, with a report for each
Whether or not it has been scanned. Rows with no website on record, sites that were unreachable and sites that turned us away stay in the table with the reason on them, and none of them enters an average: dropping them would shrink the population to the part that was easy to measure. A few points between two neighbors is noise. The box filters every row in the cohort, not only the page you are on; click a header to sort the rows on this page by name or by score.
Showing 301–400 of 1,000 · page 4 of 10
| Site | Score | Gated | Pages read | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postcode Education Trust postcodeeducationtrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC045922; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 14 | |
| Postcode Justice Trust postcodejusticetrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC043779; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 14 | |
| Postcode Care Trust postcodecaretrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC042667; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 13 | |
| Postcode Planet Trust postcodeplanettrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC044847; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 14 | |
| Postcode Animal Trust postcodeanimaltrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC043837; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 14 | |
| Postcode Children Trust postcodechildrentrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC044773; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 14 | |
| Postcode Community Trust postcodecommunitytrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC044772; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 65 | No | 28 | |
| National Museum of Wales museumwales.ac.ukregister id CCEW 525774; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 1 | |
| Postcode Earth Trust postcodeearthtrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC045749; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 14 | |
| The Alan Turing Institute turing.ac.ukblockedregister id CCEW 1162533; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| Kibble Education And Care Centre kibble.orgregister id OSCR SC026917; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 54 | Gated | 32 | |
| The Federation of Groundwork Trusts groundwork.org.ukblockedregister id CCEW 291558; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| Turning Point Scotland turningpointscotland.comregister id OSCR SC028827; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 37 | Gated | 32 | |
| BH Live bhlive.org.ukblockedregister id CCEW 1138311; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 | — | No | — | |
| The Babraham Institute babraham.ac.ukregister id CCEW 1053902; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 51 | No | 32 | |
| Motor Neurone Disease Association mndassociation.orgblockedregister id CCEW 294354; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| NIAB niab.comregister id CCEW 1064230; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 58 | No | 32 | |
| Clean Air Fund cleanairfund.orgregister id CCEW 1183697; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 32 | |
| Actionaid actionaid.org.ukregister id CCEW 274467; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 58 | No | 32 | |
| The Sigrid Rausing Trust sigrid-rausing-trust.orgblockedregister id CCEW 1194828; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| The London Diocesan Fund london.anglican.orgregister id CCEW 241083; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 32 | |
| The Scout Association scouts.org.ukblockedregister id CCEW 306101; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| The Andrew Brownsword Foundation no website on recordregister id CCEW 1213656; the register gives no website | — | No | — | |
| Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust wwt.org.ukregister id CCEW 1030884; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 66 | No | 32 | |
| Milestones Trust milestonestrust.org.ukregister id CCEW 294377; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 63 | No | 30 | |
| Catch 22 Charity Limited catch-22.org.ukregister id CCEW 1124127; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 53 | No | 32 | |
| The Equities Investment Fund for Charities (Charifund) mandg.co.ukregister id CCEW 249958; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; the register gives https://www.mandg.co.uk/charities; cut to the site root | 65 | No | 1 | |
| The Royal College of Physicians of London rcplondon.ac.ukregister id CCEW 210508; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 67 | No | 32 | |
| The Institution of Civil Engineers ice.org.ukblockedregister id CCEW 210252; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| Concern Worldwide (UK) concern.org.ukregister id CCEW 1092236; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 67 | No | 32 | |
| Prostate Cancer UK prostatecanceruk.orgregister id CCEW 1005541; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 71 | No | 32 | |
| Kingdom Housing Association Limited kingdomhousing.org.ukregister id OSCR SC000874; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 63 | No | 1 | |
| Friends of Benenden Hospital benendenhospital.org.ukregister id CCEW 1065995; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 62 | No | 32 | |
| Bryson Charitable Group brysongroup.orgregister id CCNI NIC101396; address from Charity Commission for Northern Ireland register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 40 | Gated | 32 | |
| Family Fund Trust familyfund.org.ukblockedregister id CCEW 1053866; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| Board Of Trustees Of The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh rbge.org.ukregister id OSCR SC007983; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 56 | No | 32 | |
| Fauna & Flora International fauna-flora.orgblockedregister id CCEW 1011102; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| Edinburgh Leisure edinburghleisure.co.ukregister id OSCR SC027450; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 45 | Gated | 32 | |
| King Edward Vii's Hospital (Sister Agnes) kingedwardviisisteragnescharity.org.ukregister id CCEW 208944; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 61 | No | 27 | |
| The Forward Trust forwardtrust.org.ukregister id CCEW 1001701; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 50 | No | 32 | |
| Stroke Association stroke.org.ukblockedregister id CCEW 211015; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (CloudFront) | — | No | — | |
| Trust Housing Association Ltd trustha.org.ukregister id OSCR SC009086; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 47 | No | 32 | |
| The Abbeyfield Society abbeyfield.comregister id CCEW 200719; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 76 | No | 1 | |
| Family Action family-action.org.ukblockedregister id CCEW 264713; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| Foundation Scotland foundationscotland.org.ukregister id OSCR SC022910; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 68 | No | 31 | |
| Clientearth clientearth.orgregister id CCEW 1053988; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 64 | Gated | 32 | |
| The Single Homeless Project shp.org.ukregister id CCEW 287779; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 57 | Gated | 32 | |
| Scope scope.org.ukregister id CCEW 208231; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 57 | No | 32 | |
| The David Lewis Centre davidlewis.org.ukunreachableregister id CCEW 1000392; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | — | No | — | |
| Postcode Global Trust postcodeglobaltrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC044038; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 14 | |
| Avante Care and Support Limited avantecare.org.ukregister id CCEW 1002727; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 59 | No | 32 | |
| Rethink Mental Illness rethink.orgregister id CCEW 271028; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 58 | No | 32 | |
| The British Diabetic Association diabetes.org.ukregister id CCEW 215199; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 70 | No | 32 | |
| Royal College of Surgeons of England rcseng.ac.ukregister id CCEW 212808; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 56 | No | 32 | |
| Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts wildlifetrusts.orgblockedregister id CCEW 207238; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| Glyndebourne Productions Limited glyndebourne.comregister id CCEW 243877; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 61 | No | 32 | |
| National Assistance Fund no website on recordregister id CCEW 1181336; the register gives no website | — | No | — | |
| Sadler's Wells Trust Limited sadlerswells.comregister id CCEW 279884; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 65 | No | 16 | |
| Nazareth Care Charitable Trust nazarethcare.orgregister id CCEW 1113666; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 62 | No | 32 | |
| Relief International UK ri.orgblockedregister id CCEW 1098106; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| Postcode Green Trust postcodegreentrust.org.ukregister id OSCR SC042544; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 15 | |
| Engineering Construction Industry Training Board ecitb.org.ukregister id CCEW 264506; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 61 | Gated | 31 | |
| Cartrefi Cymru Co-Operative Limited cartreficymru.coopregister id CCEW 702290; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 33 | Gated | 1 | |
| The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity royalmarsden.orgregister id CCEW 1095197; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 43 | Gated | 32 | |
| Fedcap UK no website on recordregister id CCEW 1175737; the register gives no website | — | No | — | |
| Ulster Independent Clinic Limited ulsterindependentclinic.comregister id CCNI NIC103565; address from Charity Commission for Northern Ireland register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 41 | No | 32 | |
| Ambitious About Autism ambitiousaboutautism.org.ukregister id CCEW 1063184; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 63 | No | 32 | |
| Bridge House Estates citybridgefoundation.org.ukregister id CCEW 1035628; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 77 | No | 31 | |
| Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark rcaos.org.ukregister id CCEW 1173050; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 59 | Gated | 32 | |
| St Elizabeth's Centre stelizabeths.org.ukregister id CCEW 1176777; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 57 | No | 32 | |
| The Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply cips.orgblockedregister id CCEW 1017938; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Akamai) | — | No | — | |
| The Church of England Pensions Board cofepensionsboard.orgregister id CCEW 236627; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 67 | No | 32 | |
| England and Wales Cricket Trust no website on recordregister id CCEW 1112540; the register gives no website | — | No | — | |
| Royal Voluntary Service royalvoluntaryservice.org.ukregister id CCEW 1015988; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 69 | No | 32 | |
| Ahmadiyya Muslim Association United Kingdom ahmadiyyauk.orgregister id CCEW 1208543; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 64 | No | 32 | |
| Archdiocese of Liverpool liverpoolcatholic.org.ukregister id CCEW 1199714; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 50 | No | 32 | |
| Everyturn everyturn.orgregister id CCEW 519332; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 68 | No | 32 | |
| The Together Trust togethertrust.org.ukregister id CCEW 209782; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 49 | No | 32 | |
| Scottish Autism scottishautism.orgregister id OSCR SC009068; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 57 | Gated | 32 | |
| Disasters Emergency Committee dec.org.ukregister id CCEW 1062638; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 61 | No | 32 | |
| Church of England Children's Society childrenssociety.org.ukblockedregister id CCEW 221124; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Imperva) | — | No | — | |
| International Bible Students Association ibsa-charity.orgregister id CCEW 216647; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 67 | No | 2 | |
| The Percy Hedley Foundation percyhedley.org.ukblockedregister id CCEW 515943; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it; not measured: HTTP 403 (Cloudflare) | — | No | — | |
| Scottish Borders Housing Association Limited sbha.org.ukregister id OSCR SC030751; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 62 | No | 32 | |
| Legacy Leisure Limited legacyleisure.co.ukregister id CCEW 1152401; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 33 | Gated | 1 | |
| High Life Highland highlifehighland.comregister id OSCR SC042593; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 72 | No | 32 | |
| Breakthrough Foundation no website on recordregister id CCEW 1162536; the register gives no website | — | No | — | |
| Dimensions Somerset Sev Limited discovery-uk.orgregister id CCEW 1172574; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 68 | No | 32 | |
| River Clyde Homes riverclydehomes.org.ukregister id OSCR SC038584; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 62 | No | 1 | |
| Board Of Trustees Of National Museums Of Scotland nms.ac.ukregister id OSCR SC011130; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 58 | No | 32 | |
| Turn2US turn2us.org.ukregister id CCEW 207812; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 65 | No | 32 | |
| Cotswold Archaeology Ltd cotswoldarchaeology.co.ukregister id CCEW 1001653; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 65 | Gated | 32 | |
| People Potential Possibilities p3charity.comregister id CCEW 703163; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 57 | Gated | 1 | |
| Birmingham Hippodrome Theatre Trust Limited birminghamhippodrome.comregister id CCEW 510842; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 47 | Gated | 32 | |
| The Premier League Charitable Fund premierleague.comregister id CCEW 1137208; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 46 | No | 32 | |
| Latymer Foundation at Hammersmith latymerfoundation.orgregister id CCEW 312714; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 50 | Gated | 32 | |
| Mission Aviation Fellowship International mafint.orgregister id CCEW 1058226; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 51 | Gated | 31 | |
| The King's Foundation kings-foundation.orgregister id OSCR SC038770; address from Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 65 | No | 32 | |
| JTL jtltraining.comregister id CCEW 1080254; address from Charity Commission for England and Wales register (high confidence), not checked by loading it | 63 | No | 32 | |
| Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Britain no website on recordregister id CCEW 1077961; the register gives no website | — | No | — |
Scores are for the population, not for ranking two named sites against each other. A few points between neighbors is noise. See what these numbers can and cannot support. Headline figures: summary.json (CC BY 4.0). The site-by-site data on this page is licensed; a bulk copy is from TEN7 for a fee.